Picture 1. 6581 Pin Configuration
Picture 2. 6581 Block Diagram
These pins are used to connect the two integrating capacitors requires by the programmable filter. C1 connects between pins 1 and 2, C2 between pins 3 and 4. Both capacitors should be the same value. Normal operation of the Filter over the audio range (approximately 30Hz- 12kHz) is accomplished with a value of 2200 pF for C1 and C2. Polystyrene capacitors are preferred and in complex polyphonic systems, where many SID chips must track each other, matched capacitors are recommened.
The frequency range of the filter can be tailored to specific applications
by the chooice of capacitor values. For example, a low-cost game may not
require full high-frequency response. In thise case, larger values for C1
and C2 could be chosen to provide more control over the bass frequencies
of the filter. The maximum cutoff frequency of the filter is given by:
FCmax = 2.6E-5 / C
Where C is the capacitor value. The range of the Filter extends 9 octaves
below the maximum cutoff frequency.
[Transcriber's note: Allegedly, one of the designers should later have stated
that the above formula is wrong].
This TTL-level input is the reset control for SID. When brought low for at least ten ø2 cycles, all internal registers are reset to zero and the audio output is silenced. This pin is normally connected to the reset line of the microprocessor or a power-on-clear circuit.
This TTL-level input is the master clock for SID. All oscillator frequencies and envelope rates are referenced to this clock. ø2 also controls data transfers between SID and the microprocessor. Data can only be transferred when ø2 is high. Essentially, ø2 acts as a high-active chip select as far as data transfers are concerned. This pin is normally connected to the system clock, with a nominal operating frequency of 1.0 MHz.
This TTL-level input controls the direction of data transfers between SID and the microprocessor. If the chip select conditions have been met, a high on this line allows the microprocessor to read data from the selected SID register and a low allows the microprocessor to write data into the selected SID register. This pin is normally connected to the system Read/Write line.
This TTL-level input is a low active chip select which controls data transfers between SID and the microprocessor. CS must be low for any transfer. A read from the selected SID register can only occur if CS is low, ø2 is high and R/W is high. A write to the selected SID register can only occur if CS is low, ø2 is high and R/W is low. This pin is normally connected to address decoding circuitry, allowing SID to reside in the memory map of a system.
These TTL-level inputs are used to select one of the 29 SID registers. Although enough addresses are provided to select 1 of 32 registers, the remaining three register locations are not used. A write to any of theses three locations is ignored and a read returns invalid data. These pins are normally connected to the corresponding address lines of the microprocessor so that SID may be addressed in the same manner as memory.
For best results, the ground line between SID and the power supply should be separate from ground lines to other digital circuitry. This will minimize digital noise at the audio output.
These bidirectional lines are used to transfer data between SID and the microprocessor. They are TTL compatible in the input mode and capable of driving 2 TTL loads in the output mode. The data buffers are usually in the high-impedance off state. During a write operation, the data buffers remain in the off (input) state and the microprocessor supplies data to SID over theses lines. During a read operation, the data buffers turn on and SID supplies data to the microprocessor over these lines. The pins are normally connected to the corresponding data lines of the microprocessor.
These pins are inputs to the A/D converters used to digitize the position
of potentiometers. The conversion process is based on the time constant
of a capacitor tied from the POT pin to ground, charged by a potentiometer
tied from the POT pin to +5 volts. The component values are determined by:
R*C = 4.7E-4
Where R is the maximum resistance of the pot and C is the capacitor. The
larger the capacitor, the smaller the POT value jitter. The recommended
values for R and C are 470 kOhm and 1000 pF. Note that a separate pot and
cap are required for each POT pin.
As with the GND line, a separate +5 VDC line should be run between SID Vcc and the power supply in order to minimize noise. A bypass capacitor should be located close to the pin.
This analog input allows external audio signals to be mixed with the audio output of SID or processed through the filter. Typical sources include voice, guitar, and organ. The input impedance of this pin is on the order of 100 kOhm. Any signal applied directly to the pin should ride at a DC level of 6 volts and should not exceed 3 volts p-p.
In order to prevent any interference caused by DC level differences, external signals should be AC-coupled to EXT IN by an electrolytic capacitor in the 1-10 uF range. As the direct audio path (FILTEX = 0) has unity gain, EXT IN can be used to mix outputs of many SID chips by daisy-chaining. The number of chips that can be chained in this manner is determined by the amount of noise and distortion allowable at the final output. Note that the output volume control will affect not only the three SID voices, but also any external inputs.
This open-source buffer is the final audio output of SID, comprised of the three SID voices, the filter and any external input. The output level is set by the output volume control and reaches a maximum of 2 volts p-p at a DC level of 6 volts. A source resistor from AUDIO OUT to ground is required for proper operation. The recommended resistance is 1 kOhm for a standard output impedance. As the output of SID rides at a 6-volt DC level, it should be AC-coupled to any amplifier with an elctrolytic capacitor in the 1-10 uF range.
As with Vcc, a separate +12 VDC line should be run to SID Vdd and a bypass capacitor should be used.
Rating Symbol Value Units ---------------------------------------------------------- Supply Voltage Vdd -0.3 to +17 VDC Supply Voltage Vcc -0.3 to +7 VDC Input Voltage (analog) Vina -0.3 to +17 VDC Input Voltage (digital) Vind -0.3 to +7 VDC Operating Temperature Ta 0 to +70 degrees C Storage Temperature Tstg -55 to +150 degress C
(Vdd= 12 VDC + -5%, Vcc= 5 VDC +- 5%, Ta=0 to 70 degrees C) CHARACTERISTIC Symbol Min Typ Max Units ---------------------------------------------------------------- Input High Voltage Vih 2 - Vcc VDC Input Low Voltage Vil -0.3 - 0.8 VDC (RES, ø2, R/W, CS, A0-A4,D0-D7) ------------------------------------------------------------ Input Leakage Current Iin - - 2.5 uA (RES, ø2, R/W, CS, A0-A4; Vin=0-5 VDC) Three-State (Off) Itsi - - 10 ua (D0-D7; Vcc=max) ------------------------------------------------------------ Input Leakage Current Vin= 0.4-2.4 VDC ------------------------------------------------------------ Output High Voltage Voh 2.4 - Vcc -0.7 VDC (D0-D7; Vcc=min, I load= 200 ua) ------------------------------------------------------------ Output Low Voltage Vol GND - 0.4 VDC (D0-D7; Vcc=max, I load= 3.2 mA) ------------------------------------------------------------ Output High Current Ioh 200 - - uA (D0-D7; Sourcing, Voh= 2.4 VDC) ------------------------------------------------------------ Output Low Current Iol 3.2 - - mA (D0-D7; Sinking, Vol= 0.4 VDC) ------------------------------------------------------------ Input Capacitance Cin - - 10 pF (RES, ø2, R/W, CS, A0-A4, D0-D7) ------------------------------------------------------------ Pot Trigger Voltage Vpot - Vcc/2 - VDC (POTX, POTY) ------------------------------------------------------------ Pot Sink Current Ipot 500 - - uA (POTX, POTY) ------------------------------------------------------------ Input Impedance Rin 100 150 - kOhm (EXT IN) ------------------------------------------------------------ Audio Input Voltage Vin 5.7 6 6.3 VDC - 0.5 3 VAC (EXT IN) ------------------------------------------------------------ Audio Output Voltage Vout 5.7 6 6.3 VDC (AUDIO OUT; 1 kOhm, load, volume=max) One Voice On: 0.4 0.5 0.6 VAC All Voices On: 1.0 1.5 2.0 VAC ------------------------------------------------------------ Power Supply Current Idd - 20 25 mA (Vdd) ------------------------------------------------------------ Power Supply Current Icc - 70 100 mA (Vcc) ------------------------------------------------------------ Power Dissipation Pd - 600 1000 mW (Total) ----------------------------------------------------------------
Picture 3. 6581 Read Timing
SYMBOL NAME MIN TYP MAX UNITS ------------------------------------------------------------------------- Tcyc Clock Cycle Time 1 - 20 us Tc Clock High Pulse Widtch 450 500 10,000 ns Tr, Tf Clock Rise/Fall Time - - 25 ns Trs Read Set-Up Time 0 - - ns Trh Read Hold Time 0 - - ns Tacc Access Time - - 300 ns Tah Address Hold Time 10 - - ns Tch Chip Select Hold Time 0 - - ns Tdh Data Hold Time 20 - - ns
Picture 4. 6581 Write Timing
SYMBOL NAME MIN TYP MAX UNITS ------------------------------------------------------------------------- Tcyc Clock Cycle Time 1 - 20 us Tw Write Pulse Width 300 - - ns Twh Write Hold Time 0 - - ns Taws Address Set-up Time 0 - - ns Tah Address Hold Time 10 - - ns Tch Chip Select Hold Time 0 - - ns Tvd Valid Data 80 - - ns Tdh Data Hold Time 10 - - ns